Glossary. This glossary is updated periodically to stay synchronized with changes to various standards maintained by the Unicode Consortium. Translations of Unicode and ISOIEC 1. Abjad. A writing system in which only. The term abjad is derived from the first. Arabic script alef. Iscii Devanagari Font For Word' title='Iscii Devanagari Font For Word' />Devanagari script vowels top, consonants bottom in Chandas font. See. Section 6. 1, Writing Systems. Abstract Character. A unit of information used for the organization, control, or. See definition D7 in. Section 3. 4. Characters and Encoding. Abstract Character Sequence. An ordered sequence of one or more abstract characters. See. definition D8 in Section. Section 3. 4. Characters and Encoding. Abugida. A writing system in which. The. term abugida is derived from the first four letters of the. Glossary of unicode terminology with additional links to an FAQ and the Unicode Standard Version 3. File Compatibility facility to use documents of other window based packages in Patrika vice versa in formats like MS Word DOC, RTF, TEXT, ISCII, PCISCII, Shree. ShreeLipi is a script processor or IME Input Method Engine or a method or a mechanism for computers which allows users to type in 9 Indian languages. ShreeLipi. Encoding standards available in Word for several writing systems, and choosing an encoding standard when you open or save a file. Ethiopic script in the Semitic order alf, bet, gaml, dant. See. Section 6. 1, Writing Systems. Accent Mark. A. mark placed above, below, or to the side of a character to alter its. See also diacritic. Acrophonic. Denoting letters or numbers by the first letter of their. For example, the Greek acrophonic numerals are variant forms. Aksara. 1 In Sanskrit grammar, the term for letter in general. Derived from. the first and last letters of the traditional ordering of Sanskrit. More generally, in Indic writing. When multiple consonants are. Algorithm. A term used in a broad sense in the Unicode Standard, to. This does not require the actual procedure. Alphabet. A writing system in which both consonants and vowels are. The term alphabet is derived from the first two letters. Greek script alpha, beta. See. Section 6. 1, Writing Systems. Alphabetic Property. Informative property of the primary units of. See. Section 4. 1. Letters, Alphabetic, and Ideographic. Alphabetic Sorting. See. collation. Annotation. The association of secondary textual content with a. The value of a particular. Typical examples include glossing, citations, exemplification. Japanese yomi, and so on. ANSI.   1 The American National Standards Institute. The. Microsoft collective name for all Windows code pages. Sometimes used. specifically for code page 1. ISOIEC. 8. 85. 9 1. Apparatus Criticus. Collection of conventions used by editors to. Arabic Digits. The term Arabic digits. Arabic script see Arabic Indic digits or the. ASCII digits in contrast to Roman numerals see European digits. When the term. Arabic digits is used in Unicode specifications, it means. Arabic Indic digits. Arabic Indic Digits. Forms of decimal digits used in most parts of the. Arabic world for instance, U0. U0. 66. 1, U0. 66. U0. 66. 3. Although. European digits 1, 2, 3,. Arabic Indic digits are sometimes called Indic. India. Variant forms of Arabic Indic digits used. Iran and Pakistan are referred to as Eastern Arabic Indic. See. Section 9. 2, Arabic. ASCII. The American Standard Code for Information Interchange, a. It is the. U. S. national variant of ISOIEC 6. U. S. standard ANSI X3. It was proposed by ANSI in 1. The set of 1. 28 Unicode characters from U0. U0. 07. F. including control codes as well as graphic characters. ASCII has. been incorrectly used to refer to various 8 bit character encodings. ASCII characters in the first 1. Assigned Character. A code point that is assigned to an abstract character. This refers to graphic, format, control, and private use characters. Unicode Standard. See. Section 2. 4, Code Points and Characters. Assigned Code Point. See. Atomic Character. A character that is not decomposable. See. decomposable character. Base Character. Any graphic. General Category of Combining. Mark M. See definition D5. Section 3. 6, Combination. In a. Basic Multilingual Plane. Plane 0, abbreviated as BMP. Bicameral. A script that. See case. Most often used in the context of Latin based alphabets of Europe. Bidi. Abbreviation of bidirectional. Bidirectional Display. The process or result of mixing left to right text and right to left. See. Unicode Standard. Annex 9, Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm. Big endian. A computer. MSB values first. Binary Files. Files containing. Block. A grouping of characters. Unicode encoding space used for organizing code charts. Each block is a uniquely named, continuous, non overlapping range of code points, containing a multiple of 1. A block may contain unassigned. BMP. Acronym for Basic Multilingual. Plane. BMP Character. A Unicode encoded. BMP code point. See supplementary character. BMP Code Point. A Unicode code. U0. UFFFF. See supplementary code point. BNF. Acronym for Backus Naur Form. For. details, see. Appendix A, Notational Conventions. BOCU 1. Acronym for Binary Ordered. Compression for Unicode. A Unicode compression scheme that is. MIME compatible directly usable for e mail and preserves binary. BOM.   Acronym for byte order mark. Bopomofo. An alphabetic script used. Republic of China Taiwan to write the sounds of. Mandarin Chinese and some other dialects. Each symbol corresponds to. The name is. derived from the names of its first four elements. More properly. known as zhuyin zimu or zhuyin fuhao in Mandarin. Chinese. Boustrophedon. A pattern of. writing seen in some ancient manuscripts and inscriptions, where. Literally, as the ox turns, referring to the. Braille. A writing system using a. See. Section 2. 1. Braille. Braille Pattern. One of the. 6. 4 for six dot Braille or 2. Braille possible. Byte. 1 The minimal unit of. An. octet. Note that many early computer architectures used bytes larger. The Unicode Standard follows the current. See. octet. Byte Order Mark. The Unicode. character UFEFF when used to indicate the byte order of a text. See. Section 2. 1. Special Characters and Noncharacters, and. Section 2. 3. 8, Specials. Byte Serialization. The. order of a series of bytes determined by a computer architecture. Byte Swapped. Reversal of the. Camelcase. A casing convention for compound terms or identifiers, in which the letters are mostly lowercased, but component words or abbreviations may be capitalized. For example, Three. Word. Term or three. Word. Term. Canonical. Conforming to the. Characteristic of. Chapter. 3, Conformance. Canonical Composition. A step in the algorithm for Unicode Normalization Forms, during which decomposed sequences are replaced by primary composites, where possible. See definition D1. Section 3. 1. 1, Normalization Forms. Canonical Decomposable Character. A character that is not identical to its canonical decomposition. See definition D6. Section 3. 7. Decomposition. Canonical Decomposition. Mapping to an inherently equivalent sequencefor example, mapping. For a full, formal definition, see definition D6. Section 3. 7. Decomposition. Canonical Equivalent. Two character sequences are said to be canonical equivalents if. See definition. D7. Section 3. 7. Decomposition. Cantillation Mark. A mark. that is used to indicate how a text is to be chanted or sung. Capital Letter. Synonym for. See case. Case. 1 Feature of certain. These variants. which may differ markedly in shape and size, are called the. Normative. property of characters, consisting of uppercase, lowercase, and titlecase Lu, Ll, and Lt. See. Section 4. 2, Case. Case Mapping. The association of. See. Section 5. 1. Case Mappings. Case Ignorable. A character C is defined to be case ignorable if C has the value Mid. Letter ML, Mid. Virama Wikipedia. Virama Sanskrit , virma  Brahmic scripts, including Devanagari and Eastern Nagari script, used to suppress the inherent vowel that otherwise occurs with every consonant letter. The name is Sanskrit for cessation, termination, end. As a Sanskrit word, it is used in place of several language specific terms, such as halant Hindi , halant  Marathi , halant  Bengali , hsnt Assamese  or, hoxontoor hosonto  Sylheti, hoonto, halantu Telugu , halantu Tamil , pui  Malayalam , candrakkala  Kannada , halanta  Oriya , haanta  Punjabi , halant  Burmese, a. IPA aa, lit. Thai error lang no text help12 or thanthakhat Thai error lang no text help. Program Do Tworzenia Gier 3D Java on this page. In Devanagari and many other Indic scripts, a virama is used to cancel the inherent vowel of a consonant letter and represent a consonant without a vowel, a dead consonant. For example, in Devanagari, is a consonant letter, ka, is a virama therefore, ka virama represents a dead consonant k. If this k is further followed by another consonant letter, for example, a, the result might look like, which represents ka as ka visible virama a. In this case, two elements k and a are simply placed one by one, side by side. Alternatively, ka can be also written as a ligature, which is actually the preferred form. Generally, when a dead consonant letter C1 and another consonant letter C2 are conjoined, the result may be A fully conjoined ligature of C1C2 Half conjoined. C1 conjoining a modified form half form of C1 attached to the original form full form of C2. C2 conjoining a modified form of C2 attached to the full form of C1 or. Non ligated full forms of C1 and C2 with a visible virama. If the result is fully or half conjoined, the conceptual virama which made C1 dead becomes invisible, logically existing only in a character encoding scheme such as ISCII or Unicode. If the result is not ligated, a virama is visible, attached to C1, actually written. Basically, those differences are only glyph variants, and three forms are semantically identical. Although there may be a preferred form for a given consonant cluster in each language and some scripts do not have some kind of ligatures or half forms at all, it is generally acceptable to use a nonligature form instead of a ligature form even when the latter is preferred if the font does not have a glyph for the ligature. In some other cases, whether to use a ligature or not is just a matter of taste. The virama in the sequence C1 virama C2 may thus work as an invisible control character to ligate C1 and C2 in Unicode. For example,ka virama a kais a fully conjoined ligature. It is also possible that the virama does not ligate C1 and C2, leaving the full forms of C1 and C2 as they are ka virama a kais an example of such a non ligated form. The sequences ka ka a a, in correct Devanagari handwriting, should be written as conjuncts the virama and the top cross line of the second letter disappear, and what is left of the second letter is written under the and joined to it. See alsoeditReferenceseditExternal linksedit.